Basic Principles of Tutoring:
While Tutoring, Tutors employ various Techniques for Instructions. But the Experts say Tutorial-interactions Must exhibit the following three types of characteristics:
a) Tutors Must exercise Full Control over the Selection & Sequencing of Materials to be presented.
b) Tutors Must be capable of Replying to all Questions of the Students, about the Subject -Matter.
c) Tutors Must be capable of Determining when & what Sort of help, Students need during the Course of practicing a Skill.
Thus, those Students who cannot Perform a Particular Task are viewed as ‘Lacking the Skill or missing the fact’. Although this may be true in some cases. There are Others in which Students possess “Wrong Skills or the knowledge-Over Load.”
There are various instructional tools used by Tutors. So through a body of factual -knowledge & the skills required to draw what is called "first-order inferences" from that knowledge, relying so much on Declarative-Knowledge. Tutors who use this kind of instructional tool are called Expository Tutors. Their Primary Concern is on the Factual Knowledge & Inferential Skills.
On the other hand, Some Tutors Teach Skills & Procedures. Tutors of this Nature are Concerned with the Procedures, that Operate on Memory. They are called Procedure- Tutors. As a result, they function much More like Coaches. They present examples to exhibit problem-solving skills, & they pose exercises for the purpose of Research.
The most common strategy of Automated Tutors is to adopt an Expert Model as the Representation of Material to be taught. This kind of Strategy may be the Most Appropriate. The differences between the Expository & Procedure Tutoring is that the former uses Problems to Maintain Focus & Coherence while the Procedure-Tutors uses additional problems to reflect order.
It is essential to note that one should look More to the Overall goal of Curriculum Construction than to principles for design in some Situations. Curricula for Tutoring should divide the Material to be learned into Manageable units. It should Sequence the Material in a way that conveys its structure to students. A curriculum should make sure instructional goals are achievable. Lastly, Tutors should have Mechanisms for Evaluating the Students to instruction on a Moment-to-Moment basis & for Reformulating the Curriculum.
Tutoring is an opportunity to break into a student's ongoing learning activities. Thus control is very important to maintain to protect a Student from inappropriate or incorrect Learning. When a Tutor decides to intervene he must also formulate the Content of Intervention. There is no uniform approach to intervention but the most obvious technique is directly correcting the problem that caused the intervention.Tutorial advice should be responsive not only to the student's particular difficulty but also to the student's level of sophistication in the task.Coach attempts to locate the particular Scheme where the Problem arose, a neophyte should receive Suggestions of a relatively close nature. A More sophisticated Student making the error should receive advice of a More detailed nature.